Social determinants of heath are economic and social conditions

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Social determinants of heath are economic and social conditions that influenced the health of people and communities. These conditions are shaped by the amount of money, power, and resources that people have, all of which are influenced by policy choices. Social determinants of health affect factors that are related to health outcomes.  Factors related to health outcomes include:

How a person develops during the first few years of life

How much education a person obtains

Being able to get and keep a job

What kind of work a person does

Having food or being able to get food

Having access to health services and the quality of those services

Housing status

How much money a person earns

Discrimination and social support

Determinants of health are factors that contribute to a person’s current state of health. These factors may be biological, socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioral, or social in nature. Scientists generally recognize five determinants of health of a population:

 Genes and biology: for example, sex and age

• Health behaviors: for example, alcohol use, injection drug use (needles), unprotected sex, and smoking
• Social environment or social characteristics: for example, discrimination, income, and gender
• Physical environment or total ecology: for example, where a person lives and crowding conditions
• Health services or medical care: for example, access to quality health care and having or not having insurance

(Estimates of how each of the five major determinants influence population health)

Other factors that could be included are culture, social status, and healthy child development. Figure 1 represents rough estimates of how much each of the five determinants contributes to the health of a population. Scientists do not know the precise contributions of each determinant at this time (Frequently Asked Questions, 2014).

Six factors are involved in the transmission of communicable diseases: the infectious agent, the reservoir, route of exit, mode of transmission, route of entry, and the susceptible host. A reservoir is a human, another animal, or a non-living thing, where the infectious agent normally lives (Communicable Disease HEAT Module, n.d.).

A nurse can take steps to breaking the chain of communicable diseases.

Susceptible Person:

  Practice good personal hygiene

  Wash hands

  Maintain a strong immune system through healthy living practices

  Take antibiotics appropriately—only when needed; take all prescribed

Infectious Agent:

  Identify individuals who are infected or colonized & treat appropriately

  Clean surfaces, then disinfect them with an EPA-registered disinfectant

  Wash hands

Reservoir:

  Incise and drain abscesses

  Do culture and sensitivity of skin/soft tissue infection

Means of Transmission:

  Wash hands/ use alcohol-based hand sanitizers

  Keep nails short. Acrylic nails should not be worn

  Avoid touching own nose, face while providing care

  Keep skin infections covered with clean, dry bandages

  Use contact precautions

  Clean and disinfect exam room and equipment

  Do not share sports equipment, towels, soap, clothing, razors, linens……

  (How to Break the Chain of Infection, 2011).

Health Care Without Harm is working together address the global health concerns.

Three key areas:

They are developing projects to educate and engage health professionals around the world on health impacts of climate change.

Are working through the Global Green and Healthy Hospitals Network to reduce the health sector’s climate footprint.

Are collaborating with leading health organizations around the world to advocate at both the national and global levels for a low carbon development path that will reduce the negative health impacts of fossil fuels, saving both money and lives locally and globally (Climate and Health/Health Care Without Harm, 2016).