Environmental Health

Question 1

1. In environmental health, the term toxin refers to a toxic substance that _______________.

[removed]		is naturally produced by a plant or animal
[removed]		occurs in the occupational setting
[removed]		results from human activity
[removed]		a man-made product introduced into the environment due to human activity

1 points

Question 2

1. In toxicity testing in rodents, the LD50 is a dose that is _______________.

[removed]		acutely fatal to 50 percent of test animals
[removed]		fatal to 50 percent of test animals within a 90-day period
[removed]		fatal to 50 percent of test animals after lifetime bioaccumulation

1 points

Question 3

1. Which of the following is not characteristic of a health impact assessment?

[removed]		It evaluates a site or activity as it is, rather than looking forward in time
[removed]		It includes social and economic factors in the assessment
[removed]		It incorporates input from community members

1 points

Question 4

1. An exposure pathway connects _______________ to _______________.

[removed]		an exposure / a change in tissue structure or function
[removed]		inhalation / absorption
[removed]		the environmental source of a contaminant / the point of exposure

1 points

Question 5

1. The three major routes of human exposure to environmental contaminants are _______________.

[removed]		by air, water, and soil
[removed]		environmental, occupational, and residential
[removed]		ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact

1 points

Question 6

1. The phrase contact with the human envelope is a common definition of _______________.

[removed]		absorption
[removed]		disposition
[removed]		exposure

1 points

Question 7

1. The quantity of a toxicant (or its breakdown product) that is available to interact with some vulnerable tissue in the body is called the _______________.

[removed]		absorbed dose
[removed]		biologically effective dose
[removed]		body burden

1 points

Question 8

1. The body burden of a chemical in the body reflects the net effect of _______________.

[removed]		absorption and biological effectiveness
[removed]		synergism and antagonism
[removed]		the processes of toxicokinetics

1 points

Question 9

1. Bioaccumulation is the _______________.

[removed]		gradual building up of a chemical in the tissue of an organism
[removed]		increase of concentrations of a chemical at higher levels of a food pyramid
[removed]		movement of a chemical from water to living tissue

1 points

Question 10

1. Which of the following is an example of a biomarker?

[removed]		Body mass index calculated from measured height and weight
[removed]		Concentration of a pesticide in blood
[removed]		Inhalation rate in liters per hour

1 points

Question 11

1. The Ames test is a test of a chemical’s _______________.

[removed]		acute lethality, and is conducted in rodents
[removed]		mutagenicity, and is conducted in bacteria
[removed]		teratogenic potential, and is conducted mammalian cells

1 points

Question 12

1. Exposure modeling is used to estimate the _______________.

[removed]		biologically effective dose of a toxicant
[removed]		fate and transport of a toxicant
[removed]		ingestion of, inhalation of, or dermal contact with a toxicant

1 points

Question 13

1. Conceptually, a reference dose is a dose that has no adverse effects in _______________.

[removed]		sensitive subpopulations over a long-term exposure
[removed]		sensitive subpopulations over a short-term exposure
[removed]		the general population over a long-term exposure
[removed]		the general population over a short-term exposure

1 points

Question 14

1. Which of the following is one of the major processes which together make up toxicokinetics?

[removed]		Bioconcentration
[removed]		Distribution
[removed]		Mutation
[removed]		Synergism

1 points

Question 15

1. In doing a risk assessment for a chemical, the usual assumption is that _______________.

[removed]		carcinogenicity has a threshold; non-cancer effects do not
[removed]		non-cancer effects have a threshold; carcinogenicity does not
[removed]		both carcinogenicity and non-cancer effects have thresholds
[removed]		neither carcinogenicity nor non-cancer effects has a threshold

1 points

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